{"id":10501,"date":"2007-11-19T09:17:15","date_gmt":"2007-11-19T07:17:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.synevo.ro\/afectiuni\/profil-infectii-urinare\/"},"modified":"2020-07-10T13:57:42","modified_gmt":"2020-07-10T10:57:42","slug":"profil-infectii-urinare","status":"publish","type":"synevo_diseases","link":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/afectiuni\/profil-infectii-urinare\/","title":{"rendered":"Profil infec\u0163ii urinare"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #00539f;\"><strong>Profil infec\u021bii urinare: Infec\u0163ia de tract urinar (ITU)<\/strong><\/span> \u2013 reprezint\u0103 o serioas\u0103 problem\u0103 de s\u0103n\u0103tate, ce afecteaz\u0103 milioane de oameni \u00een fiecare an, fiind printre cele mai frecvente infec\u0163ii bacteriene. <!--more-->ITU sunt afec\u0163iuni inflamatorii produse de diferite microorganisme, care ajung la nivelul aparatului urinar, unde se multiplic\u0103 \u015fi determin\u0103 \u00een timp modific\u0103ri \u00een func\u0163ionarea normal\u0103 a rinichilor \u015fi a c\u0103ilor urinare.<br>\u00cen mod normal tractul urinar este steril, except\u00e2nd uretra distal\u0103 care este colonizat\u0103 cu bacterii provenite de pe tegumentul perineal, iar la femei \u015fi din vulv\u0103. Aceste bacterii contamineaz\u0103 accidental urina vezical\u0103 \u00een cazul unei recolt\u0103ri inadecvate a probei de urin\u0103.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen primul an de via\u0163\u0103, ITU sunt mai frecvente la b\u0103ie\u0163i, patologia urinar\u0103 fiind determinat\u0103 de complica\u0163iile fimozelor \u015fi parafimozelor \u00eent\u00e2lnite la aceast\u0103 v\u00e2rst\u0103. Raportul tinde s\u0103 se egalizeze \u00een prima copil\u0103rie, dup\u0103 care este dominat de sexul feminin, inciden\u0163a cresc\u00e2nd propor\u0163ional cu v\u00e2rsta, fiind asociat\u0103 cu activitatea sexual\u0103 \u015fi sarcina. Diferen\u0163a dintre sexe dispare \u00eens\u0103 la v\u00e2rstnici, prin cre\u015fterea prevalen\u0163ei la b\u0103rba\u0163i, datorit\u0103 afec\u0163iunilor prostatei. Infec\u0163ia cronic\u0103 a prostatei reprezint\u0103 cauza cea mai frecvent\u0103 a ITU recurente la b\u0103rba\u0163i, datorit\u0103 reintroducerii infec\u0163iei \u00een vezica urinar\u0103.<br>ITU sunt favorizate de anomaliile structurale \u015fi neurologice care interfer\u0103 cu fluxul urinar \u015fi de boli sistemice, de exemplu diabetul zaharat \u015fi neoplaziile.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La pacien\u0163ii v\u00e2rstnici, tara\u0163i, imunodeprima\u0163i \u015fi la copii ITU poate evolua asimptomatic sau nespecific (febr\u0103, tulbur\u0103ri digestive, sc\u0103dere \u00een greutate).<sup>1,2,3<\/sup><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Clasificare<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dup\u0103 localizare ITU pot fi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>joase<\/strong> c\u00e2nd sunt afectate uretra \u015fi vezica urinar\u0103;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00eenalte<\/strong> c\u00e2nd sunt cuprinse \u015fi ureterele \u015fi rinichii.<sup>1,2<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dup\u0103 absen\u0163a\/prezen\u0163a simptomatologiei pot fi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>asimptomatice<\/strong> \u2013 bacteriurie f\u0103r\u0103 simptomatologie clinic\u0103;<\/li>\n<li><strong>simptomatice<\/strong> \u2013 \u00een cazul bacteriuriei \u00eenso\u0163it\u0103 de reac\u0163ie inflamatorie (piurie) \u015fi manifest\u0103ri clinice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #00539f;\"><strong>Uretrita <\/strong><\/span>se caracterizeaz\u0103 clinic prin debut gradat, cu simptome u\u015foare. B\u0103rba\u0163ii prezint\u0103 de obicei secre\u0163ii uretrale, care sunt purulente dac\u0103 se datoreaz\u0103 N. gonorhoeae \u015fi albicioase, mucoide dac\u0103 infec\u0163ia este nespecific\u0103. Femeile se prezint\u0103 de obicei cu disurie, polakiurie \u015fi piurie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #00539f;\"><strong>Cistita <\/strong><\/span>are de obicei debut brusc cu: polakiurie, mic\u0163iuni imperioase \u015fi eliminarea dureroas\u0103 sau \u00eenso\u0163it\u0103 de usturime a unei cantit\u0103\u0163i mici de urin\u0103. Nicturia asociat\u0103 cu durere suprapubian\u0103 \u015fi durere lombar\u0103 joas\u0103, este frecvent\u0103. Urina este deseori tulbure, iar hematuria macroscopic\u0103 apare la ~30% din pacien\u0163i. La v\u00e2rstnici ITU sunt deseori asimptomatice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #00539f;\"><strong>Pielonefrita<\/strong> <strong>acut\u0103<\/strong><\/span>, are debut de obicei brusc \u015fi se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin: frisoane, febr\u0103, durere \u00een flancuri, grea\u0163\u0103 \u015fi v\u0103rs\u0103turi. Simptomele de infec\u0163ie urinar\u0103 joas\u0103 (ex. polakiurie, disurie) apar concomitent la aproximativ 1\/3 din pacien\u0163i.<br>La copii simptomele sunt deseori mai reduse \u015fi mai pu\u0163in caracteristice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #00539f;\"><strong>Pielonefrita cronic\u0103<\/strong><\/span> \u2013 simptomele \u015fi semnele (ex. febr\u0103, dureri abdomiale sau \u00een flancuri) sunt deseori vagi, lipsite de consisten\u0163\u0103.<sup>4<\/sup><br><small><\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><p><strong>Analize medicale disponibile \u00een laboratoarele Synevo:<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><div class=\"synevo-shop-products\">\r\n    <div class=\"sysprod\">\r\n        \r\n        <div class=\"sysprod-products\">\r\n                            <div class=\"sysprod-product\">\r\n                    <a class=\"sysprod-product-title\" href=\"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/shop\/urina-biochimie\/\">Urin\u0103 &#8211; biochimie<\/a>\r\n                    <div class=\"sysprod-product-price\">\r\n                        <span>Pre\u021b:<\/span>\r\n                        <span>80.00 lei<\/span>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"sysprod-product-addcart\">\r\n                            <a\r\n                                href=\"?add-to-cart=9329\"\r\n                                data-quantity=\"1\"\r\n                                class=\"addToCart button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart \"\r\n                                data-product_id=\"9329\"\r\n                                data-product_sku=\"CH60\"\r\n                                rel=\"nofollow\"\r\n                            ><div><\/div><\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"sysprod-product\">\r\n                    <a class=\"sysprod-product-title\" href=\"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/shop\/urina-sediment\/\">Urin\u0103 &#8211; sediment<\/a>\r\n                    <div class=\"sysprod-product-price\">\r\n                        <span>Pre\u021b:<\/span>\r\n                        <span>80.00 lei<\/span>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"sysprod-product-addcart\">\r\n                            <a\r\n                                href=\"?add-to-cart=9330\"\r\n                                data-quantity=\"1\"\r\n                                class=\"addToCart button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart \"\r\n                                data-product_id=\"9330\"\r\n                                data-product_sku=\"CH61\"\r\n                                rel=\"nofollow\"\r\n                            ><div><\/div><\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"sysprod-product\">\r\n                    <a class=\"sysprod-product-title\" href=\"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/shop\/urocultura-cu-antibiograma-dupa-caz\/\">Urocultur\u0103 (cu antibiogram\u0103 dup\u0103 caz)<\/a>\r\n                    <div class=\"sysprod-product-price\">\r\n                        <span>Pre\u021b:<\/span>\r\n                        <span>375 lei<\/span>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"sysprod-product-addcart\">\r\n                            <a\r\n                                href=\"?add-to-cart=9331\"\r\n                                data-quantity=\"1\"\r\n                                class=\"addToCart button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart \"\r\n                                data-product_id=\"9331\"\r\n                                data-product_sku=\"MI29\"\r\n                                rel=\"nofollow\"\r\n                            ><div><\/div><\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n.synevo-shop-products {\r\n    padding: 24px 0;\r\n    margin: 24px 0;\r\n    border-radius: 10px;\r\n    background: #F6F7F9;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product {\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    margin: 0 24px;\r\n    margin-bottom: 24px;\r\n    border-radius: 10px;\r\n    background: #fff;\r\n    display: flex;\r\n    flex-direction: row;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product:last-child {\r\n    margin-bottom: 0;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product-title {\r\n    flex-grow: 1;\r\n    padding: 15px;\r\n    margin-left: 14px;\r\n    font-family: Poppins,sans-serif;\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n    font-size: 16px;\r\n    color: #29263F;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product-price {\r\n    flex-shrink: 0;\r\n    font-family: Poppins,sans-serif;\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n    font-size: 18px;\r\n    color: #FDB813;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product-addcart {\r\n    flex-shrink: 0;\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    width: 38px;\r\n    height: 38px;\r\n    margin-left: 24px;\r\n    margin-right: 24px;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product-addcart .button {\r\n    top: unset;\r\n    right: unset;\r\n}\r\n<\/style><\/div><\/div><p><strong><small>Bibliografie:<\/small><\/strong><\/p><p><small>1. Betty A.Forbes, Daniel F.Sahm, Alice S.Weissfeld, Infections of the urinary tract., \u00een Bailey and Scott\u2019s Diagnostic Microbiology. Mosby, USA, 11 ed. 2002;927-938.<br>2. Buiuc Dumitru, Negu\u0163 Marian, Diagnosticul de laborator al infec\u0163iilor tractusului urinar, \u00een \u201cTratat de microbiologie clinic\u0103\u201d 1999, 14:270-295.<br>3. Laborator Synevo, Referin\u0163ele specifice tehnologiei de lucru utilizate, 2006. Ref Type: Catalog<br>4. Infec\u0163iile tractului urinar, Manualul Merck de Diagnostic \u015fi Tratament, Ed.XVII, versiunea \u00een lb.roman\u0103, 2002, 377-384.<\/small><\/p><hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/><p>Mai multe informa\u021bii despre testele disponibile \u00een laboratoarele Synevo:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"\/shop\/urina-biochimie\/\" class=\"rank-math-link\">Urin\u0103 biochimie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/shop\/urocultura-cu-antibiograma-dupa-caz\/\" class=\"rank-math-link\">Urin\u0103 sediment<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/shop\/urocultura-cu-antibiograma-dupa-caz\/\" class=\"rank-math-link\">Urocultur\u0103<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p><\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","synevo_diseases_category":[898,899],"class_list":["post-10501","synevo_diseases","type-synevo_diseases","status-publish","hentry","synevo_diseases_category-medicina-de-familie","synevo_diseases_category-nefrologie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/synevo_diseases\/10501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/synevo_diseases"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/synevo_diseases"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"synevo_diseases_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/synevo_diseases_category?post=10501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}