{"id":10435,"date":"2008-01-14T12:24:46","date_gmt":"2008-01-14T09:24:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.synevo.ro\/afectiuni\/profil-risc-cardiovascular\/"},"modified":"2020-07-10T12:28:08","modified_gmt":"2020-07-10T09:28:08","slug":"profil-risc-cardiovascular","status":"publish","type":"synevo_diseases","link":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/afectiuni\/profil-risc-cardiovascular\/","title":{"rendered":"Profil risc cardiovascular"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Bolile cardiovasculare <\/strong><\/span>reprezint\u0103 principala cauz\u0103 de morbiditate \u015fi mortalitate din \u0163\u0103rile industrializate.<\/p><!--more--><p>Framingham Heart Study a avut o contribu\u0163ie important\u0103 \u00een \u00een\u0163elegerea cauzelor de afec\u0163iuni coronariene (CHD), stroke \u015fi alte afec\u0163iuni cardiovasculare, cunoscute sub numele de \u201c<strong>factori de risc cardiovascular<\/strong>\u201d. Conceptul de factori de risc a avut o contribu\u0163ie major\u0103 \u00een dezvoltarea strategiilor de preven\u0163ie a CHD, prin modificarea cauzelor.<\/p><hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/><p><strong>Factorii majori independen\u0163i de risc<\/strong> studia\u0163i considerabil de Framingham includ:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"text-align: justify;\">fumatul;<\/li><li style=\"text-align: justify;\">hipertensiunea arterial\u0103;<\/li><li style=\"text-align: justify;\">nivelul seric crescut de colesterol total \u015fi LDL-colesterol;<\/li><li style=\"text-align: justify;\">nivelul seric sc\u0103zut de HDL-colesterol;<\/li><li style=\"text-align: justify;\">diabetul zaharat;<\/li><li style=\"text-align: justify;\">v\u00e2rsta avansat\u0103.<\/li><\/ul><p>Rela\u0163ia cantitativ\u0103 dintre ace\u015fti factori de risc \u015fi CHD a fost elucidat\u0103 de Framingham Heart Study \u015fi alte studii. Ele au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 riscul predictiv se cumuleaz\u0103. Prin urmare, riscul total al unei persoane poate fi estimat prin sumarea riscului conferit de fiecare factor major de risc.<\/p><p><strong>Al\u0163i factori de risc studia\u0163i<\/strong>, care cresc probabilitatea dezvolt\u0103rii CHD, sunt de 2 tipuri:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>factori de risc<\/strong> <strong>condi\u0163ionali<\/strong>: obezitatea, inactivitatea fizic\u0103 (ace\u015fti 2 factori de risc sunt considera\u0163i de American Heart Association, ca factori majori de risc), istoric familial de boal\u0103 coronarian\u0103 prematur\u0103, caracteristici etnice, factori psihosociali; sunt asocia\u0163i cu cre\u015fterea riscului de CHD, cu toate c\u0103 contribu\u0163ia lor cauzal\u0103, independent\u0103 \u015fi cantitativ\u0103 la CHD, nu a fost bine documentat\u0103;<\/li><li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>factori de risc<\/strong> <strong>predispozan\u0163i<\/strong>: hipertrigliceridemia, particule mici de LDL colesterol, nivel seric crescut de homocistein\u0103, nivel seric crescut de lipoprotein\u0103 (a), factori protrombotici (ex. fibrinogen), markeri inflamatori (ex. proteina C-reactiv\u0103 \u00eenalt sensibil\u0103); poten\u0163eaz\u0103 factorii de risc independen\u0163i. \u00cen ciuda importan\u0163ei poten\u0163iale a acestor al\u0163i factori, ei nu sunt inclu\u015fi \u00een harta riscului Framingham din motive teoretice \u015fi practice.<\/li><\/ul><hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/><p>Eforturile de preven\u0163ie CHD trebuie direc\u0163ionate spre fiecare factor major de risc. Evaluarea riscului total (global) prin sumarea tuturor factorilor majori de risc, poate fi util\u0103 clinic din 3 puncte de vedere:<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"text-align: justify;\">identific\u0103 pacien\u0163ii cu risc crescut, care necesit\u0103 aten\u0163ie \u015fi interven\u0163ie imediat\u0103;<\/li><li style=\"text-align: justify;\">motiveaz\u0103 pacien\u0163ii s\u0103 adere la terapiile de reducere a riscului;<\/li><li style=\"text-align: justify;\">modificarea intensit\u0103\u0163ii eforturilor de reducere a riscului, av\u00e2nd la baz\u0103 riscul total estimat.<\/li><\/ol><hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/><p><strong>Scorul Framingham<\/strong> estimeaz\u0103 riscul pentru persoanele f\u0103r\u0103 manifest\u0103ri clinice de CHD. Din acest motiv, scorul se utilizeaz\u0103 numai \u00een preven\u0163ia primar\u0103 (persoane f\u0103r\u0103 CHD).<\/p><p>Odat\u0103 ce boala coronar\u0103 ateroslerotic\u0103 devine clinic manifest\u0103, riscul pentru un eveniment coronarian viitor este mult mai mare dec\u00e2t cel al pacien\u0163ilor f\u0103r\u0103 boal\u0103 coronarian\u0103, indiferent de al\u0163i factori de risc \u015fi \u00een acest caz, scorul Framingham nu se aplic\u0103.<\/p><p><strong>American Heart Association \u015fi American College of Cardiology<\/strong> au publicat ghiduri comune de management al factorilor de risc pentru pacien\u0163ii cu CHD \u015fi alte forme de boal\u0103 aterosclerotic\u0103 \u2013 preven\u0163ie secundar\u0103.<sup>1,2<\/sup><\/p><div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Teste disponibile \u00een laboratorul Synevo<\/strong>:<\/p><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"synevo-shop-products\">\r\n    <div class=\"sysprod\">\r\n        \r\n        <div class=\"sysprod-products\">\r\n                            <div class=\"sysprod-product\">\r\n                    <a class=\"sysprod-product-title\" href=\"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/shop\/apolipoproteina-a1\/\">Apolipoproteina A1<\/a>\r\n                    <div class=\"sysprod-product-price\">\r\n                        <span>Pre\u021b:<\/span>\r\n                        <span>270.00 lei<\/span>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"sysprod-product-addcart\">\r\n                            <a\r\n                                href=\"?add-to-cart=9166\"\r\n                                data-quantity=\"1\"\r\n                                class=\"addToCart button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart \"\r\n                                data-product_id=\"9166\"\r\n                                data-product_sku=\"CH10\"\r\n                                rel=\"nofollow\"\r\n                            ><div><\/div><\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"sysprod-product\">\r\n                    <a class=\"sysprod-product-title\" href=\"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/shop\/apolipoproteina-b\/\">Apolipoproteina B<\/a>\r\n                    <div class=\"sysprod-product-price\">\r\n                        <span>Pre\u021b:<\/span>\r\n                        <span>140.00 lei<\/span>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"sysprod-product-addcart\">\r\n                            <a\r\n                                href=\"?add-to-cart=9167\"\r\n                                data-quantity=\"1\"\r\n                                class=\"addToCart button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart \"\r\n                                data-product_id=\"9167\"\r\n                                data-product_sku=\"CH11\"\r\n                                rel=\"nofollow\"\r\n                            ><div><\/div><\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"sysprod-product\">\r\n                    <a class=\"sysprod-product-title\" href=\"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/shop\/electroforeza-lipoproteinelor\/\">Electroforeza lipoproteinelor<\/a>\r\n                    <div class=\"sysprod-product-price\">\r\n                        <span>Pre\u021b:<\/span>\r\n                        <span>1060 lei<\/span>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"sysprod-product-addcart\">\r\n                            <a\r\n                                href=\"?add-to-cart=9223\"\r\n                                data-quantity=\"1\"\r\n                                class=\"addToCart button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart \"\r\n                                data-product_id=\"9223\"\r\n                                data-product_sku=\"CH31\"\r\n                                rel=\"nofollow\"\r\n                            ><div><\/div><\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"sysprod-product\">\r\n                    <a class=\"sysprod-product-title\" href=\"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/shop\/profil-lipidic\/\">Profil lipidic<\/a>\r\n                    <div class=\"sysprod-product-price\">\r\n                        <span>Pre\u021b:<\/span>\r\n                        <span>255 lei<\/span>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"sysprod-product-addcart\">\r\n                            <a\r\n                                href=\"?add-to-cart=9404\"\r\n                                data-quantity=\"1\"\r\n                                class=\"addToCart button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart \"\r\n                                data-product_id=\"9404\"\r\n                                data-product_sku=\"CH66\"\r\n                                rel=\"nofollow\"\r\n                            ><div><\/div><\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n.synevo-shop-products {\r\n    padding: 24px 0;\r\n    margin: 24px 0;\r\n    border-radius: 10px;\r\n    background: #F6F7F9;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product {\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    margin: 0 24px;\r\n    margin-bottom: 24px;\r\n    border-radius: 10px;\r\n    background: #fff;\r\n    display: flex;\r\n    flex-direction: row;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product:last-child {\r\n    margin-bottom: 0;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product-title {\r\n    flex-grow: 1;\r\n    padding: 15px;\r\n    margin-left: 14px;\r\n    font-family: Poppins,sans-serif;\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n    font-size: 16px;\r\n    color: #29263F;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product-price {\r\n    flex-shrink: 0;\r\n    font-family: Poppins,sans-serif;\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n    font-size: 18px;\r\n    color: #FDB813;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product-addcart {\r\n    flex-shrink: 0;\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    width: 38px;\r\n    height: 38px;\r\n    margin-left: 24px;\r\n    margin-right: 24px;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product-addcart .button {\r\n    top: unset;\r\n    right: unset;\r\n}\r\n<\/style><\/div><\/div><hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/><p><strong><small>Bibliografie:<\/small><\/strong><\/p><div><small>1. American Heart Association, Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: Guidance From Framingham, In Circulation. 1998;97:1876-1887.<\/small><\/div><div><small>2. American Heart Association, Assessment of Cardiovacular Risk by Use of Multiple-Risk-Factor Assessment Equations, In Circulation. 1999;100:1481-1492.<\/small><\/div><div> <\/div><hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/><p>Mai multe informa\u021bii despre teste:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"\/shop\/apolipoproteina-a1\/\" class=\"rank-math-link\">Apolipoproteina A1<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/shop\/apolipoproteina-b\/\" class=\"rank-math-link\">Apolipoproteina B<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/shop\/electroforeza-lipoproteinelor\/\" class=\"rank-math-link\">Electroforeza lipoproteinelor<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/shop\/profil-lipidic\/\" class=\"rank-math-link\">Profil lipidic<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p><\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","synevo_diseases_category":[891],"class_list":["post-10435","synevo_diseases","type-synevo_diseases","status-publish","hentry","synevo_diseases_category-cardiologie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/synevo_diseases\/10435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/synevo_diseases"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/synevo_diseases"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"synevo_diseases_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/synevo_diseases_category?post=10435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}