{"id":10434,"date":"2008-01-14T13:15:11","date_gmt":"2008-01-14T10:15:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.synevo.ro\/afectiuni\/profil-tulburari-digestive-acute-sindrom-diareic\/"},"modified":"2020-07-10T12:25:13","modified_gmt":"2020-07-10T09:25:13","slug":"profil-tulburari-digestive-acute-sindrom-diareic","status":"publish","type":"synevo_diseases","link":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/afectiuni\/profil-tulburari-digestive-acute-sindrom-diareic\/","title":{"rendered":"Profil tulbur\u0103ri digestive acute (sindrom diareic)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#00539f\">Sindrom diareic<\/h2><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #00539f;\"><strong>Sindroamele diareice<\/strong><\/span> sunt \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163ite \u00een mod arbitrar \u00een <strong>acute<\/strong> (cu durata mai mic\u0103 de 2 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni) \u015fi <strong>cronice<\/strong>; de asemenea se consider\u0103 u\u015foare, formele \u2013 cu mai pu\u0163in de trei scaune pe zi, moderate \u2013 cu patru\/ mai multe scaune pe zi, asociate cu simptome locale (crampe abdominale, grea\u0163\u0103, tenesme rectale) \u015fi severe \u2013 cu patru\/ mai multe scaune pe zi \u015fi simptome sistemice (febr\u0103, frisoane, deshidratare).<!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Diareea acut\u0103<\/strong> poate fi cauzat\u0103 de mai mul\u0163i factori, printre care se num\u0103r\u0103 stresul emo\u0163ional, intoleran\u0163a alimentar\u0103, ingestia de anumite substan\u0163e anorganice (ex. nitritul de sodiu), organice (ex. ciuperci), o serie de medicamente, precum \u015fi diferi\u0163i agen\u0163i infec\u0163iosi (virusuri, bacterii \u015fi protozoare).<br \/>Clasificarea sindroamelor diareice acute de etiologie infec\u0163ioas\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 categorii \u015fi anume cele inflamatorii,cu diaree sanguinolent\u0103 \u015fi cele neinflamatorii, cu diaree nesanguinolent\u0103 sau apoas\u0103, este util\u0103 \u00een special din punct de vedere diagnostic \u015fi terapeutic.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen general, termenul de diaree inflamatorie sugereaz\u0103 implicare colonic\u0103 prin invazie bacterian\u0103 sau parazitar\u0103 sau prin producerea de toxine, care afecteaz\u0103 intestinul gros. Clinic, pacien\u0163ii prezint\u0103 numeroase scaune sanguinolente, de volum mic, frecvent asociate cu: febr\u0103, crampe abdominale, tenesme rectale. Agen\u0163ii etiologici uzuali ai acestui sindrom sunt reprezenta\u0163i de: Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, tulpini invazive de E.coli, Entamoeba histolytica \u015fi Clostridium difficile.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Coprocitogramele<\/strong> sunt frecvent pozitive, iar diagnosticul etiologic de certitudine necesit\u0103 efectuarea de coproculturi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Diareea neinflamatorie<\/strong> este de obicei mai pu\u0163in sever\u0103 \u015fi este determinat\u0103 de virusuri sau de toxine cu tropism pentru intestinul subtire \u015fi care afecteaz\u0103 echilibrul hidro-electrolitic, produc\u00e2nd diaree apoas\u0103, de volum mare, adesea \u00eenso\u0163it\u0103 de gre\u0163uri, v\u0103rs\u0103turi, crampe abdominale. Cauzele frecvente ale acestui sindrom sunt reprezentate de virusuri (ex. rotavirusuri, virusul Norwalk, adenovirusuri enterice, astrovirusuri, coronavirusuri), vibrioni (ex.V. Cholerae, V. Parahaemolyticus), E.coli secretoare de enterotoxin\u0103, Giardia lamblia \u015fi diver\u015fi agen\u0163i ce produc gastroenterite de origine alimentar\u0103.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Termenul de \u201c<strong>toxiinfec\u0163ie alimentar\u0103<\/strong>\u201d desemneaz\u0103 afec\u0163iunile cauzate de toxine din alimentele ingerate. C\u00e2nd perioada de incuba\u0163ie este scurt\u0103 (1-6 ore dup\u0103 ingestie), este foarte probabil c\u0103 toxina este preformat\u0103 \u015fi prezent\u0103 ca atare \u00een alimentul contaminat. V\u0103rs\u0103turile sunt simptomul major, iar cei mai multi pacien\u0163i sunt afebrili. Exemplele includ intoxica\u0163ia cu <em>S. aureus<\/em> sau cu <em>Bacillus cereus<\/em>, situa\u0163ii \u00een care toxina poate fi identificat\u0103 \u00een alimente. C\u00e2nd perioada de incuba\u0163ie este mai mare (8-16 ore), este foarte probabil ca microorganismul s\u0103 fi fost prezent \u00een aliment \u015fi c\u0103 secre\u0163ia toxinei a avut loc dup\u0103 ingestie. V\u0103rs\u0103turile sunt mai pu\u0163in severe, crampele abdominale sunt mai frecvente, iar febra lipse\u015fte \u00een majoritatea cazurilor. Cel mai bun exemplu \u00eel reprezint\u0103 toxiinfec\u0163ia determinat\u0103 de <em>Clostridium perfringens<\/em>. Toxina poate fi detectat\u0103 \u00een alimentele ingerate sau \u00een materiile fecale.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bolile diareice inflamatorii \u015fi neinflamatorii:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">pot fi transmise at\u00e2t prin alimente c\u00e2t \u015fi prin ap\u0103;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">perioadele de incuba\u0163ie variaz\u0103 \u00eentre 12-72 ore;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">datele epidemiologice pot sugera diagnosticul etiologic, de ex. spitaliz\u0103rile recente sau tratamentele cu antibiotice, sugereaz\u0103 <em>C. difficile<\/em>, c\u0103l\u0103toriile recente \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate sugereaz\u0103 <em>Salmonella<\/em>, <em>Shigella<\/em>, <em>Campylobacter<\/em>, <em>E.coli<\/em> sau <em>V.cholerae<\/em>.<sup>1<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><p><strong>Teste disponibile \u00een laboratorul Synevo<\/strong>:<\/p><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><div class=\"synevo-shop-products\">\r\n    <div class=\"sysprod\">\r\n        \r\n        <div class=\"sysprod-products\">\r\n                            <div class=\"sysprod-product\">\r\n                    <a class=\"sysprod-product-title\" href=\"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/shop\/coprocitograma\/\">Coprocitogram\u0103<\/a>\r\n                    <div class=\"sysprod-product-price\">\r\n                        <span>Pre\u021b:<\/span>\r\n                        <span>220 lei<\/span>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"sysprod-product-addcart\">\r\n                            <a\r\n                                href=\"?add-to-cart=9200\"\r\n                                data-quantity=\"1\"\r\n                                class=\"addToCart button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart \"\r\n                                data-product_id=\"9200\"\r\n                                data-product_sku=\"MI39\"\r\n                                rel=\"nofollow\"\r\n                            ><div><\/div><\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"sysprod-product\">\r\n                    <a class=\"sysprod-product-title\" href=\"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/shop\/coprocultura-cu-antibiograma-dupa-caz\/\">Coprocultura  (Salmonella, Shigella, EPEC), cu antibiograma dupa caz<\/a>\r\n                    <div class=\"sysprod-product-price\">\r\n                        <span>Pre\u021b:<\/span>\r\n                        <span>380 lei<\/span>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"sysprod-product-addcart\">\r\n                            <a\r\n                                href=\"?add-to-cart=9201\"\r\n                                data-quantity=\"1\"\r\n                                class=\"addToCart button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart \"\r\n                                data-product_id=\"9201\"\r\n                                data-product_sku=\"MI30\"\r\n                                rel=\"nofollow\"\r\n                            ><div><\/div><\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"sysprod-product\">\r\n                    <a class=\"sysprod-product-title\" href=\"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/shop\/antigen-rotavirus-adenovirus-in-materii-fecale\/\">Antigen Rotavirus\/Adenovirus \u00een materii fecale<\/a>\r\n                    <div class=\"sysprod-product-price\">\r\n                        <span>Pre\u021b:<\/span>\r\n                        <span>310 lei<\/span>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"sysprod-product-addcart\">\r\n                            <a\r\n                                href=\"?add-to-cart=9438\"\r\n                                data-quantity=\"1\"\r\n                                class=\"addToCart button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart \"\r\n                                data-product_id=\"9438\"\r\n                                data-product_sku=\"MI190\"\r\n                                rel=\"nofollow\"\r\n                            ><div><\/div><\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n.synevo-shop-products {\r\n    padding: 24px 0;\r\n    margin: 24px 0;\r\n    border-radius: 10px;\r\n    background: #F6F7F9;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product {\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    margin: 0 24px;\r\n    margin-bottom: 24px;\r\n    border-radius: 10px;\r\n    background: #fff;\r\n    display: flex;\r\n    flex-direction: row;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product:last-child {\r\n    margin-bottom: 0;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product-title {\r\n    flex-grow: 1;\r\n    padding: 15px;\r\n    margin-left: 14px;\r\n    font-family: Poppins,sans-serif;\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n    font-size: 16px;\r\n    color: #29263F;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product-price {\r\n    flex-shrink: 0;\r\n    font-family: Poppins,sans-serif;\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n    font-size: 18px;\r\n    color: #FDB813;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product-addcart {\r\n    flex-shrink: 0;\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    width: 38px;\r\n    height: 38px;\r\n    margin-left: 24px;\r\n    margin-right: 24px;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product-addcart .button {\r\n    top: unset;\r\n    right: unset;\r\n}\r\n<\/style><\/div><\/div><hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/><p><small><strong>Bibliografie:<\/strong><\/small><\/p><p><small>1. Richard A. Jacobs, Bolile infectioase acute de cauza infectioasa, In Diagnostic \u015fi Tratament \u00een Practica Medicala, Lawrence M. Tierney, Stephen J. McPhee, Maxine A. Papadakis, traducere Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment \u2013 2001, 1048-1049.<\/small><\/p><p>Mai multe informa\u021bii despre teste:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"\/shop\/coprocitograma\/\" class=\"rank-math-link\">Coprocitogram\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/shop\/coprocultura-cu-antibiograma-dupa-caz\/\" class=\"rank-math-link\">Coprocultur\u0103 (cu antibiogram\u0103 dup\u0103 caz)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/shop\/antigen-rotavirus-adenovirus-in-materii-fecale\/\" class=\"rank-math-link\">Antigen Rotavirus\/Adenovirus \u00een materii fecale<\/a><\/li><\/ul>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","synevo_diseases_category":[890],"class_list":["post-10434","synevo_diseases","type-synevo_diseases","status-publish","hentry","synevo_diseases_category-boli-infectioase"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/synevo_diseases\/10434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/synevo_diseases"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/synevo_diseases"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"synevo_diseases_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/synevo_diseases_category?post=10434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}