{"id":10421,"date":"2007-12-14T13:01:51","date_gmt":"2007-12-14T10:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.synevo.ro\/afectiuni\/profil-infectii-tract-respirator-inferior\/"},"modified":"2020-07-10T12:52:05","modified_gmt":"2020-07-10T09:52:05","slug":"profil-infectii-tract-respirator-inferior","status":"publish","type":"synevo_diseases","link":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/afectiuni\/profil-infectii-tract-respirator-inferior\/","title":{"rendered":"Profil infec\u0163ii tract respirator inferior"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Infec\u0163iile tractului respirator inferior<\/strong> sunt determinate de virusuri, bacterii \u015fi mai rar de fungi sau protozoare. Majoritatea acestor infec\u0163ii apar pe cale aerogen\u0103 \u015fi numai o propor\u0163ie redus\u0103 din cele bacteriene sunt hematogene \u2013 metastaze septice pulmonare \u00een cursul septicopioemiilor.<sup>1<\/sup><br>Apari\u0163ia unei infec\u0163ii depinde at\u00e2t de abilitatea microorganismului implicat de a produce boala, c\u00e2t \u015fi de capacitatea gazdei de a preveni infec\u0163ia.<\/p><!--more--><p><strong>Mecanismele nespecifice<\/strong> care protejeaz\u0103 tractul respirator sunt: perii nazali din pasajele convolute, mucoasa care c\u0103ptu\u015fe\u015fte narinele (prin secre\u0163ia de IgA), cilii, mucoasa care c\u0103ptu\u015fe\u015fte traheea, reflexele de tuse \u015fi str\u0103nut.<sup>1,6<\/sup><\/p><p>\u00cen afar\u0103 de acestea, flora normal\u0103 a rinofaringelui ajut\u0103 la prevenirea coloniz\u0103rii acestei regiuni cu al\u0163i germeni. Microorganisme saprofite, nepatogene pot determina suprainfec\u0163ii bacteriene dup\u0103 viroze, \u00een cazul persoanelor imunodeprimate sau \u00een caz de lez\u0103ri ale epiteliului respirator (la fum\u0103tori). Aspirarea, chiar \u015fi a unei mici cantit\u0103\u0163i de material orofaringian la nivel bron\u015fic (zon\u0103 practic steril\u0103), de cele mai multe ori \u00een timpul somnului, joac\u0103 un rol important \u00een patogenia pneumoniei.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><p>Sputa reprezint\u0103 secre\u0163iile traheobron\u015fice expectorate \u00een cursul unui acces de tuse \u015fi con\u0163ine, prin contaminare secundar\u0103, \u015fi secre\u0163iile din cavitatea bucofaringian\u0103 \u015fi nazal\u0103.<\/p><p>Acumularea de secre\u0163ii bron\u015fice \u015fi expectora\u0163ia nu sunt apanajul exclusiv al infec\u0163iilor bronhopulmonare, fiind \u00eent\u00e2lnite \u015fi \u00een alte circumstan\u0163e patologice: afec\u0163iuni alergice ale c\u0103ilor respiratorii, bron\u015fite cronice.<\/p><p>\u00cen boli precum: traheobron\u015fite, pneumonii, bronhopneumonii, <strong>examenul sputei reprezint\u0103 un mijloc important de diagnostic etiologic<\/strong>.<sup>1,3<\/sup><\/p><div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Analize medicale disponibile \u00een laboratoarele Synevo:<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"synevo-shop-products\">\r\n    <div class=\"sysprod\">\r\n        \r\n        <div class=\"sysprod-products\">\r\n                            <div class=\"sysprod-product\">\r\n                    <a class=\"sysprod-product-title\" href=\"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/shop\/examen-microscopic-sputa\/\">Examen microscopic sput\u0103<\/a>\r\n                    <div class=\"sysprod-product-price\">\r\n                        <span>Pre\u021b:<\/span>\r\n                        <span>150.00 lei<\/span>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"sysprod-product-addcart\">\r\n                            <a\r\n                                href=\"?add-to-cart=9233\"\r\n                                data-quantity=\"1\"\r\n                                class=\"addToCart button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart \"\r\n                                data-product_id=\"9233\"\r\n                                data-product_sku=\"MI16\"\r\n                                rel=\"nofollow\"\r\n                            ><div><\/div><\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"sysprod-product\">\r\n                    <a class=\"sysprod-product-title\" href=\"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/shop\/cultura-sputa-cu-antibiograma-dupa-caz\/\">Cultur\u0103 sput\u0103 (cu antibiogram\u0103 dup\u0103 caz)<\/a>\r\n                    <div class=\"sysprod-product-price\">\r\n                        <span>Pre\u021b:<\/span>\r\n                        <span>300 lei<\/span>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"sysprod-product-addcart\">\r\n                            <a\r\n                                href=\"?add-to-cart=9213\"\r\n                                data-quantity=\"1\"\r\n                                class=\"addToCart button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart \"\r\n                                data-product_id=\"9213\"\r\n                                data-product_sku=\"MI35\"\r\n                                rel=\"nofollow\"\r\n                            ><div><\/div><\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                            <div class=\"sysprod-product\">\r\n                    <a class=\"sysprod-product-title\" href=\"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/shop\/cultura-si-identificare-fungi-cu-antifungigrama-dupa-caz\/\">Cultura si identificare fungi (cu antifungigrama dupa caz)<\/a>\r\n                    <div class=\"sysprod-product-price\">\r\n                        <span>Pre\u021b:<\/span>\r\n                        <span>300 lei<\/span>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                            <div class=\"sysprod-product-addcart\">\r\n                            <a\r\n                                href=\"?add-to-cart=10162\"\r\n                                data-quantity=\"1\"\r\n                                class=\"addToCart button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart \"\r\n                                data-product_id=\"10162\"\r\n                                data-product_sku=\"MI102\"\r\n                                rel=\"nofollow\"\r\n                            ><div><\/div><\/a>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n.synevo-shop-products {\r\n    padding: 24px 0;\r\n    margin: 24px 0;\r\n    border-radius: 10px;\r\n    background: #F6F7F9;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product {\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    margin: 0 24px;\r\n    margin-bottom: 24px;\r\n    border-radius: 10px;\r\n    background: #fff;\r\n    display: flex;\r\n    flex-direction: row;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product:last-child {\r\n    margin-bottom: 0;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product-title {\r\n    flex-grow: 1;\r\n    padding: 15px;\r\n    margin-left: 14px;\r\n    font-family: Poppins,sans-serif;\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n    font-size: 16px;\r\n    color: #29263F;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product-price {\r\n    flex-shrink: 0;\r\n    font-family: Poppins,sans-serif;\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n    font-size: 18px;\r\n    color: #FDB813;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product-addcart {\r\n    flex-shrink: 0;\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    width: 38px;\r\n    height: 38px;\r\n    margin-left: 24px;\r\n    margin-right: 24px;\r\n}\r\n.synevo-shop-products .sysprod-product-addcart .button {\r\n    top: unset;\r\n    right: unset;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\n\n<p><\/p><\/div><\/div><p><small><br><strong>Bibliografie:<\/strong><br>1. Dumitru Buiuc. Examenul microbiologic al sputei \u00een diagnosticul infec\u0163iilor tractusului respirator inferior. \u00cen Microbiologia Practic\u0103 \u2013 Un ghid \u00een studiul \u015fi practica medicinii, ed. 1982; 26: 239-245<br>2. Betty A.Forbes, Daniel F.Sahm, Alice S.Weissfeld. Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract. \u00cen Bailey and Scott\u2019s Diagnostic Microbiology. Mosby, USA, 11 ed. 2002; 56: 884-898<br>3. Dumitru Buiuc. Diagnosticul de laborator al infec\u0163iilor tractusului respirator inferior. \u00cen Tratat de Microbiologie Clinica. Dumitru Buiuc, Marian Negut, Editura Medical\u0103, Rom\u00e2nia, 1 ed. 1999; 13: 233-270<br><\/small><\/p><hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/><p><strong>Mai multe informa\u021bii despre teste:<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"\/shop\/examen-microscopic-sputa\/\" class=\"rank-math-link\">Examen microscopic sput\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/shop\/cultura-sputa-cu-antibiograma-dupa-caz\/\" class=\"rank-math-link\">Cultur\u0103 sput\u0103 (cu antibiogram\u0103 dup\u0103 caz)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/shop\/cultura-si-identificare-fungi-cu-antifungigrama-dupa-caz\/\" class=\"rank-math-link\">Cultur\u0103 \u0219i identificare fungi (cu antifungigram\u0103 dup\u0103 caz)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p><\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","synevo_diseases_category":[890],"class_list":["post-10421","synevo_diseases","type-synevo_diseases","status-publish","hentry","synevo_diseases_category-boli-infectioase"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/synevo_diseases\/10421","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/synevo_diseases"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/synevo_diseases"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10421"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"synevo_diseases_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/synevo_diseases_category?post=10421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}