{"id":9218,"date":"2020-04-23T03:31:41","date_gmt":"2020-04-23T00:31:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.synevo.ro\/product\/determinarea-factorului-rh\/"},"modified":"2025-07-01T07:56:51","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T04:56:51","slug":"determinarea-factorului-rh","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/shop\/determinarea-factorului-rh\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Antigenele sistemului de grup sanguin Rh sunt codificate de dou\u0103 gene: RHD \u015fi RHCE localizate pe cromozomul 1. RHD codific\u0103 antigenul D, \u00een timp ce RHCE codific\u0103 antigenele Cc \u015fi Ee. Antigenul d nu exist\u0103; totu\u015fi, prin conven\u0163ie, d este utilizat pentru a conota absen\u0163a antigenului D. RHD \u015fi RHCE codific\u0103 polipeptide similare, care \u00een membrana eritrocitar\u0103 formeaz\u0103 un complex cu glicoproteina asociat\u0103 Rh. Func\u0163ia antigenelor Rh nu este cunoscut\u0103, de\u015fi pe baza fenotipului celulelor Rh nul este sugerat faptul c\u0103 antigenele Rh ar juca un rol structural \u00een membrana eritrocitar\u0103. Structura antigenelor Rh sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 sunt proteine de transport, iar glicoproteina asociat\u0103 Rh ar putea juca un rol \u00een transportul amoniacului. Exist\u0103 45 antigene care au fost atribuite sistemului de grup sanguin Rh, dintre acestea cele mai comune \u015fi importante fiind D, C, c, E \u015fi e. De\u015fi indivizii pot deveni aloimuniza\u0163i la antigenele C, c, E \u015fi e prin transfuzii \u015fi sarcin\u0103, acestea sunt mult mai pu\u0163in imunogenice dec\u00e2t D. Mai pu\u0163in de 3% din indivizii expu\u015fi la antigenele C, c, E, e devin aloimuniza\u0163i, astfel testarea pretransfuzional\u0103 nu se efectueaz\u0103 de rutin\u0103 pentru aceste antigene. Dup\u0103 antigenele A \u015fi B, antigenul D manifest\u0103 cea mai \u00eenalt\u0103 imunogenicitate (de 20 ori mai mare dec\u00e2t alte antigene Rh majore); \u00een urma transfuziei de eritrocite D-pozitive aproape 80% din primitorii D-negativi dezvolt\u0103 anticorpi anti-D. \u00cen plus imunizarea anti-D promoveaz\u0103 \u00een continuare sinteza de anticorpi fa\u0163\u0103 de alte antigene de grup sanguin din sau din afara sistemului Rh5<\/sup>. De asemenea antigenul D este implicat \u00een 95% din cazurile de boal\u0103 hemolitic\u0103 a nou-n\u0103scutului1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Un individ este considerat Rh pozitiv dac\u0103 eritrocitele sale exprim\u0103 antigenul D, iar termenul Rh negativ se refer\u0103 la absen\u0163a antigenului D. Absen\u0163a antigenului D este \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 al 15-17% din indivizii popula\u0163iei albe \u015fi este mai pu\u0163in frecvent\u0103 \u00een alte popula\u0163ii. La popula\u0163ia alb\u0103 absen\u0163a antigenului D se datoreaz\u0103 dele\u0163iei genei RHD, \u00een timp ce la popula\u0163ia asiatic\u0103 \u015fi neagr\u0103 se asociaz\u0103 mai degrab\u0103 cu inactivarea genei dec\u00e2t cu dele\u0163ia sa5<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Unele eritrocite care exprim\u0103 antigenul D necesit\u0103 incubare prelungit\u0103 cu reactivul anti-D pentru apari\u0163ia aglutin\u0103rii. Aceste eritrocite sunt considerate antigen D pozitive \u015fi sunt descrise ca D slab, anterior denumite Du<\/sup> (\u00een mai pu\u0163in de 1% din cazuri). Se consider\u0103 c\u0103 fenotipul D slab apare prin unul din urm\u0103toarele trei mecanisme5<\/sup>:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. a) mo\u015ftenirea unei gene RHD care codific\u0103 o protein\u0103 D cu expesie antigenic\u0103 sl\u0103bit\u0103: este mai comun\u0103 la popula\u0163ia neagr\u0103 \u015fi se asociaz\u0103 cu haplotipul Dce, iar la popula\u0163ia alb\u0103 se asociaz\u0103 cu haplotipul DCe sau DcE.<\/li>\n
  2. b) interac\u0163iunea genei D cu alte gene: indivizii cu gena D \u00een pozi\u0163ie trans fa\u0163\u0103 de gena C (ex.: Dce\/Ce) prezint\u0103 o expresie sl\u0103bit\u0103 a genei D.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Indivizii cu fenotip D slab prin unul din aceste dou\u0103 mecanisme nu formeaz\u0103 aloanticorpi dup\u0103 expunerea la eritrocite D pozitive.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. c) mo\u015ftenirea unei gene care codific\u0103 un complex antigenic D c\u0103ruia \u00eei lipsesc unii epitopi, numit \u015fi D par\u0163ial; ace\u015fti indivizi pot produce anti-D dac\u0103 sunt transfuza\u0163i cu eritrocite D pozitive. Dintre ace\u015ftia DVI<\/sup> prezint\u0103 num\u0103rul cel mai mic de epitopi \u015fi aceste persoane prezint\u0103 cel mai mare risc de imunizare, dar semnificativ mai mic dec\u00e2t persoanele D negative3<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Donatorii cu D slab trebuie considera\u0163i Rh(D) pozitivi; este important ca ace\u015ftia s\u0103 nu fie gre\u015fit eticheta\u0163i ca Rh negativi, deoarece antigenul D slab poate induce un r\u0103spuns imun dac\u0103 este transfuzat la un individ Rh negativ1;3;5<\/sup>. Indivizii cu D slab pot fi transfuza\u0163i cu s\u00e2nge Rh pozitiv (excep\u0163ie DVI<\/sup>), iar gravidele nu necesit\u0103 profilaxie cu imunoglobulin\u0103 anti-D2;5<\/sup>. Dac\u0103 se utilizeaz\u0103 un reactiv monoclonal anti-D adecvat, majoritatea determinan\u0163ilor antigenici \u00eencadra\u0163i anterior ca Du<\/sup> nu trebuie s\u0103 mai fie deosebi\u0163i de D \u00een condi\u0163ii de rutin\u01033<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

      Fenotipul Rh nul apare c\u00e2nd eritrocitele nu exprim\u0103 antigene Rh, prin cel pu\u0163in dou\u0103 mecanisme posibile: mo\u015ftenirea unei gene care codific\u0103 glicoproteina asociat\u0103 Rh anormale, cu gene RHD \u015fi RHCE normale, sau mo\u015ftenirea unei muta\u0163ii a genei RHCE asociat\u0103 cu D negativ. Fenotipul Rh nul se asociaz\u0103 cu anomalii structurale eritrocitare cu stomatocitoz\u0103 \u015fi hemoliz\u0103. Ace\u015fti indivizi formeaz\u0103 aloanticorpi care interac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 cu toate eritrocitele except\u00e2ndu-le pe cele Rh nul5<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

      Anticorpii anti-Rh apar prin aloimunizare, \u00een urma transfuziilor incompatibile \u00een sistemul Rh sau \u00een sarcin\u0103. Extrem de rar pot ap\u0103rea anticorpi naturali \u00een sistemul Rh, f\u0103r\u0103 stimuli antigenici cunoscu\u0163i (anti-E, anti-Cw<\/sup>), \u00een majoritatea cazurilor irelevan\u0163i din punct de vedere clinic1;3<\/sup>. De asemenea \u00een anemiile hemolitice imune autoanticorpii au adesea activitate anti-Rh1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

      Majoritatea anticorpilor anti-Rh sunt IgG, \u00een special IgG1<\/sub> \u015fi IgG3<\/sub> (aglutinine incomplete), de\u015fi unii pot fi IgM, \u015fi de obicei nu activeaz\u0103 complementul5<\/sup>. Anticorpii aglutinan\u0163i de tip IgM sunt de obicei tranzitorii \u015fi apar la \u00eenceputul imuniz\u0103rii1<\/sup>. Cei mai comuni sunt anticorpii anti-D, care pot provoca boal\u0103 hemolitic\u0103 a nou-n\u0103scutului \u015fi reac\u0163ii transfuzionale hemolitice severe. Frecven\u0163a acestora a sc\u0103zut semnificativ o dat\u0103 cu profilaxia anti-D la gravidele Rh negativ cu f\u0103t Rh pozitiv. Anticorpii anti-C, c, E, e se asociaz\u0103 cu boal\u0103 hemolitic\u0103 a nou-n\u0103scutului \u015fi reac\u0163ii hemolitice transfuzionale u\u015foare5<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

      Tiparea Rh a eritrocitelor se face cu seruri anti-D monoclonale care reac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 \u00een mediu salin \u015fi care con\u0163in at\u00e2t IgM umane (care nu detecteaz\u0103 categoria DVI<\/sup>)3<\/sup><\/em>, c\u00e2t \u015fi anticorpi policlonali IgG, acestea din urm\u0103 put\u00e2nd fi utilizate \u015fi \u00een testul antiglobulinic pentru D slab2<\/sup>. La prepararea serului anti-Rh se adaug\u0103 albumin\u0103 uman\u0103 sau bovin\u0103 care modific\u0103 constanta dielectric\u0103 a mediului \u015fi favorizeaz\u0103 aglutinarea eritrocitelor Rh pozitive1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

      Recomand\u0103ri pentru determinarea factorului Rh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u00eenaintea unei transfuzii;<\/li>\n
      • \u00eenaintea unei proceduri invazive sau chirurgicale poten\u0163ial asociate cu complica\u0163ii hemoragice care ar putea necesita transfuzii;<\/li>\n
      • monitorizarea imunohematologic\u0103 antepartum \u015fi postnatal\u0103 a mamei \u015fi copilului;<\/li>\n
      • la donatorii de s\u00e2nge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u00cen testarea de rutin\u0103 a grupului sanguin nu se indic\u0103 determinarea altor antigene Rh \u00een afara factorului Rh D. Determinarea fenotipului Rh complet este indicat\u0103 la donatorii de s\u00e2nge, trebuie luat\u0103 \u00een considerare \u00een cazul transfuziilor la feti\u0163e \u015fi femei premenopauz\u0103, la pacien\u0163i transfuza\u0163i cronic \u015fi la primitorii cu anticorpi antieritrocitari iregulari3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

        Preg\u0103tire pacient<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 nu este necesar\u0103 o preg\u0103tire prealabil\u0103; sunt utile informa\u0163ii asupra unor tratamente perfuzabile cu solu\u0163ii macromoleculare efectuate premerg\u0103tor determin\u0103rii, transfuzii \u00een ultimele 120 zile4<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

        Specimen recoltat <\/strong><\/em>- <\/em>a) s\u00e2nge capilar din pulpa degetului; b) s\u00e2nge venos4<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

        Recipient de recoltare<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 b) vacutainer f\u0103r\u0103 aditivi sau gel activator (capac ro\u015fu sau incolor);<\/p>\n

        Cantitate recoltat\u0103 <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 b) c\u00e2t permite vacuumul4<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

        Cauze de respingere a probei <\/em><\/strong>- <\/em>specimen puternic hemolizat4<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

        \u0422tabilitate prob\u0103 <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 testul se efectueaz\u0103 imediat, dac\u0103 acest lucru nu este posibil, proba se p\u0103streaz\u0103 48 ore la 2-8\u00b0C;<\/p>\n

        Metod\u0103 de determinare <\/strong>-<\/em> \u00een laboratoarele Synevo se efectueaz\u0103 urm\u0103toarea metod\u0103:<\/p>\n

        - hemaglutinare pe plac\u0103<\/u> <\/em>cu reactiv anti-D IgM monoclonal4<\/sup><\/p>\n

        Interpretarea rezultatelor<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

        La donatori, dac\u0103 testul ini\u0163ial pentru D este negativ, trebuie efectuat un al doilea test care detecteaz\u0103 D slab (acest lucru nu este necesar la primitorii de s\u00e2nge, care trebuie transfuza\u0163i cu s\u00e2nge Rh negativ)1;2<\/sup>. De asemenea determinarea prezen\u0163ei D slab la femeia gravid\u0103 elimin\u0103 tratamentul inutil cu imunoglobulin\u0103 anti-D. \u00cenaintea etichet\u0103rii unui pacient ca D slab trebuie s\u0103 ne asigur\u0103m c\u0103 nu a fost recent transfuzat cu eritrocite Rh pozitive2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

        Limite \u015fi interferen\u0163e<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

        Reac\u0163ii fals pozitive<\/u> (martor albuminos pozitiv)1<\/sup><\/p>\n

          \n
        • hematii \u00een fi\u015ficuri\/rulouri (mielom, macroglobulinemie Waldenstr\u00f6m) \u2013 se reface determinarea dup\u0103 sp\u0103larea hematiilor;<\/li>\n
        • poliaglutinarea;<\/li>\n
        • anemii hemolitice cu autoanticorpi la cald (prezen\u0163a de anticorpi IgG pe suprafa\u0163a hematiilor) \u2013 se reface grupajul cu un reactiv din care se elimin\u0103 albumina, care con\u0163ine Ac anti-D aglutinan\u0163i capabili s\u0103 aglutineze hematiile \u00een suspensie salin\u0103 (anti-D salin).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Reac\u0163ii fals negative<\/u><\/p>\n

            \n
          • anemia hemolitic\u0103 a nou-n\u0103scutului (blocarea situsurilor antigenice D de c\u0103tre anticorpii materni)1<\/sup>;<\/li>\n
          • individ cu Rh D slab \u2013 posibil\u0103 aglutinare slab\u0103 \u015fi tardiv\u0103; aceste cazuri se \u00eendrum\u0103 c\u0103tre un serviciu de specialitate, unde determinarea D slab se face cu ajutorul testului antiglobulinic indirect cu anti-D IgG (incomple\u0163i policlonali)1;3<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

            1. Curs de imuno-hematologie, Institutul de Hematologie, Buc., 1993.<\/span><\/div>\n
            2. Galel, S. Malone III, J. Viele, M. Transfusion Medicine. In Wintrobe\u2019s Clinical Hematology. Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, Philadelphia, 11th Ed., 2003: 832-873.<\/span><\/div>\n
            3. Kretschmer, V. Sonneborn, H. Immunohematology. In Lothar Thomas. Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics \u2013Use and Assessment of Clinical Laboratory Results. TH-Books Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Frankfurt \/Main, Germany, 1 Ed., 1998: 877-934.<\/span><\/div>\n
            4. Laborator Synevo. Referin\u0163ele specifice tehnologiei de lucru utilizate 2015. Ref Type: Catalog.<\/span><\/div>\n
            5. Webert, K. Chan, H. Smith, J. Heddle, N. Kelton, J. Red Cell, Platelet and White Cell Antigens. In Wintrobe\u2019s Clinical Hematology. Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, Philadelphia, 11th Ed., 2003: 792-824.<\/span><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
            \n

            \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u2013 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u041d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443 85\u00a0 % \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u2013 \u0443 15\u00a0 %.<\/p>\n

            \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u2013 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b: \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0446\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0443\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u0430 \u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432 50\u00a0 % \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u2013 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n

            \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c: \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438, \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441 \u0432 \u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u044d\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438: \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 “\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f” \u043a \u044d\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043c. \u0413\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u043a\u0438\u0434\u044b\u0448\u0443, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u043a \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0445\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044d\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442. \u0427\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u043d\u043a\u0430. \u0412 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438.<\/p>\n

            \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435?<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441\u0430-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u044d\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 “\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442” \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b \u043a \u044d\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/li>\n
            • \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438. \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043a \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0443, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u0443\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0435. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438, \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b. \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/li>\n
              • \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438. \u0427\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438:\n
                  \n
                • \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0439\u00a0\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438,<\/li>\n
                • \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0443 \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438,<\/li>\n
                • \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c\u0430\u0445,<\/li>\n
                • \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0445,<\/li>\n
                • \u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0438,<\/li>\n
                • \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0446\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                  \n

                  \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430.<\/li>\n
                  • \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[950],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-9218","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","5":"product_cat-teste-de-imunohematologie","7":"first","8":"instock","9":"sold-individually","10":"shipping-taxable","11":"purchasable","12":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/9218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=9218"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=9218"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.synevo.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=9218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}